Fig. 4

Schematic representation and analysis of the DLP bioprinting process, bioink composition, and cell viability in cultivated steak-type meat. A Schematic representation of the DLP bioprinting process for fabricating structures using bioink containing GelMA, LAP, tartrazine, and bovine cells. B Results of photorheological measurement of the bioink. C Schematic representation of 3D modeling of steak-type cultivated meat (i) and photograph (ii) (width, 29 mm, length, 55.91 mm, and height, 9.6 mm). D Schematic representation of the top, side, and front views of the enlarged portions of the 3D modeled structure and a phase-contrast image of the actual printed hydrogel. E Fluorescence microscopy images of NC and MSTN KO cells grown on GSH for 1, 3, 6, and 9 d in a Live/Dead assay. Green = Live, Blue = Dead. Scale bars = 500 μm. F Cell viability obtained by the Live/Dead assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; n.s., not significant)